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moxseneba wm. grigol feraZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnil 8-e saerTaSoriso sesiaze (varSavis universiteti, 2009, 6-8 dekemberi) |
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«Божественная страсть. Богословие грузинских мучеников». Доклад, прочитанный на 8-й Международной сессии памяти св. Григола Перадзе (Варшавский университет, 2009, 6-8 декабря). |
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"Divine passion. The love for God in ancient Georgian hagiography". This presentation was included in the program of the 8th International session in memory of St. Grigol Peradze (University of Warsaw, 2009, 6-8 December). |
saRvTo trfiali
qarTvel mowameTa RvTismetyvelebisaTvis
hrqua simon-petres iesu:
simon ionaჲso, giyuar mea ufroჲs amaTsa?
hrqua mas petre:
he, ufalo, Sen uwyi, rameTu miyuar Sen.
io 21, 15
sami uZvelesi qarTuli martviloba – SuSanikis, evstaTisa da abos wamebani esaa ara marto sarwmunoebis aRsareba, qristesadmi rwmenis, erTgulebis gamocxadeba, aramed qristesadmi siyvarulis aRsarebac, saRvTo trfialis gamocxadebac.
am mxriv es sami martviloba erTgvarad dapirispirebulia momdevno drois qarTul hagiografiul literaturasTan. radgan, Tumca iqac adgili aqvs WeSmariti sulieri cxovrebis iseT aucilebel elementebs, rogoricaa sarwmunoeba, erTguleba, Tavdadeba, dabolos, ra Tqma unda, RvTisadmi siyvaruli, magram RmerTTan urTierTobas ukve dalagebuli, gaSualedurebuli, institucionalizeburi saxe aqvs miRebuli. aqac ra Tqma unda, warmoebs RvTaebasTan uSualo da amaRelvebeli kontaqtebi, magram RvTaeba da misdami siyvaruli ukve aRaraa erTaderTi dasayrdeni da mizani sulieri sagrobisaTvis. monasteri, saxelmwifo, ena, kultura, RvTismsaxureba, saeklesio kanonebi da asketikuri wesebi, sulieri mamebi, mefe-mTavrebi amdidreben, arTuleben, aferadovneben qristiani moRvawis ares da Taviskenac izidaven mis yuradRebas da mis siyvaruls.
gavixsenoT Tundac grigol xanZTelis mier mefe aSot kuropalatisa da giorgi mciris mier giorgi aTonelis datirebani, sadac es ori wmidani ara marto gansakuTrebuli siyvarulis obieqtebad, aramed qveynierebis ganmanaTlebel varskvlavebad, axal RvTaebad warmogvidgeba.
«ჵ, mefeo Cemo, Zliero da didebulo, simtkiceo eklesiaTao da zRudeo qristeaneTao, sadaჲT-me mogelodi, aRmosavaliT-me anu dasavaliT, CrdiloჲT-me anu samxriT? rameTu yovelTa zeda naTesavTa mflobeli iyav...sakჳrveli ege didebuli – RmrTis-msaxuri ჴelmwifჱ!»1
«da viTar ese gesma, gulisჴma-hyavT: Zalman saqmisaman da sityuaTa Setyuebaman moRuawe ese didi giCuena, viTarca Zegli aRmarTebuli, viTarca xati dawerili saxilvelad TanawarmavalTa amis cxorebisaTa, axali abraham, mSჳdi igi, msgavsad daviTisa, brZeni – msgavsad solomonisa, Zჳr-uჴsenebeli – msgavsad mosessa, ubraloჲ – msgavsad samoelisa, wmidaჲ – msgavsad iosebissa, uxilavTa mxilveli – msgavsad danielisa... »2
anda ioane-zosimes cnobili “qebaჲ da didebaჲ qarTulisa enisaჲ”, sadac dasaxelebuli ena, rogorc erTgvari cocxali sulieri arsi, adamianuri saxeliT da biografiiT aris aRWurvili, romelSic macxovris bedis Strixebi moCans, – damcireba, daflva, miZineba, aRdgoma da yovlisa enisa mxileba, da avtoris mxridan saTanado grZnobebsac imsaxurebs – TanagrZnobas, aRfrTovanebas, sasoebas.
«damarxul ars enaჲ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad, raჲTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos amiT eniTa. da ese enaჲ mZinare ars dResamomde; da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqჳan... da...yoveli saidumloჲ amas enasa Sina damarxul ars... da ese enaჲ, Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaჲTa, mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored moslvisa uflisasa».3
aseT siyvarulSi da aRfrTovanebaSi ara ars ra qristianul moZRvrebasTan da RvTis siyvarulTan SeuTavsebeli. TviTon RmerTma mefsalmunis piriT RmerTebis xarixsSi aiyvana adamianebi4, piradad adida da gansakuTrebuli madliT aRWura zogierTi maTgani5. magram siyvarulis sagnebis aseT gamravlebas piradad RvTisadmi trfialis dasustebis, RmerTis, viTarca siyvarulis sagnis, gafermkrTalebis SesaZlebloba Tan sdevs.
araviTari amdagvari misazidi, misatyuebeli, gamarTulebeli garemoeba ar arsebobs Zveli qarTveli mowameebisaTvis.
«Sen ici, ufalo Cemo iesu qriste, - mimarTavs RmerTs sikvdilis piras mdgomi evstaTi mcxeTeli, - rameTu aravin virCie Sensa.., garna Sen mxoloჲ ufali Segiyuare».6
maTi siyvaruli viwro Tvalsawieris mqone adamianTa brma grZnoba araa. maT mier RvTis Wvreta amaRlebuli da rTulia, Sesabamisad qristianuli RvTismetyvelebisa da warmodgenebisa.
SuSanikisaTvis da misi axloblebisaTvis RmerTi ar aris romeliRac ganurCeveli RvTaeba, aramed esaa erTaderTi, «WeSmariti» RmerTi.
«varsqen uvar-yo WeSmariti RmerTi», - swored ase moaxseneben mas misi qmris Ralatis ambavs. da sityva «WeSmariti» mTel am cnobas varsqenis mier RmerTis Ralatisa da uaryofis Sesaxeb im SemaZrwunebel Zalas aniWebs, romelic aqamde ar ganelebula da ar Sesustebula.
evstaTisa da abosaTvisac gza qristesaken esaa agreTve Semecnebis da Seswavlis gzac.
`merme kualad Seved
msgavsad amisa wminda abosaTvisac, ioane sabanisZis mowmobiT, qristianoba aris ara marto guliT miRebuli madli, aramed gonebiTac gamocdili moZRvreba.
«maSin iwyo zeda-miwevnad da swavlad wmidaTa saRmrToTa wignTa Zuelisa da axlisa SjulisaTa...da esrჱT srul iqmna igi yovliTa moZRurebiTa, romeli aqus wmidasa kaTolike eklesiasa qristჱs mier».8
magram maTi RmerTi, maTi qriste ar iqceva amis gamo filosofosTa da RvTismetyvelTa RmerTad9 – Semecnebisa da Seswavlis erTgvar sagnad, aramed aris arseba, imdenad axlobeli, rom mis gamo gmirebi mravalnair grZnobebs da afeqtebs ganicdian.
«xolo kacman uTxra marTali da hrqua, viTarmed: «varsqen uvar-yo WeSmariti RmerTi». viTarca esma netarsa SuSaniks, davarda igi queyanasa zeda da Tavsa damarT scemda da cremliTa mwariTa ityoda: «sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki varsqen, rameTu uvar-yo WeSmariti RmerTi».10
«da viTar Seved Sina, - ixsenebs iakobi sapyrobileSi SuSanikTan Sexvedras pirveli tanjvis Semdeg, - vixile xati misi dabZaruli da gansivebuli da aRuteve ჴmaჲ da vtirode, xolo wmidaman SuSanik mrqua me: «nu stir CemTჳs, rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda Ramჱ ese».11
ras SeiZleba mivaweroT es ucnauri sixaruli mware gvemis Semdeg, Tu ara imas, rom es gvema sayvareli arsebis erTgulebisaTvis iyo gadatanali?
marTalia, TviTon SuSaniki da iakob curtaveli ar amxelen sixarulis mizezs, magram razedac isini mokrZalebiT duman, imaze pirdapir saubroben mowame abo da misi msajuli.
«hrqua mas msajulman man: «raჲ egodeni sitkboebaჲ gaqus qristჱs Senisagan, romliTa sikudidca ara gewyalis Tavi Seni?» hrqua mas wmidaman habo: «ukueTu gnebavs cnobad sitkboebaჲ misi, Senca grwmenin qriste da naTel-iRe misa mimarT da maSinRa Rirs iqmne cnobad sitkboebisa misisa».12
aris erTi zogadi niSani, romelic TiTqos migviTiTebs am sami gmiris mier yovelgvari miwieri mizidulobis uaryofis miwiersave mizezs. esaa maTi araqarTveloba, maTi ucxouri warmoSoba, maTi uTvistomoba im miwa-wyalze, im eris wiaRSi, sadac bedma, gangebam maT gmiruli sarbieli moumzada.
magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ori maTganisaTvis – evstaTisa da abosaTvis samSoblos datoveba araa uneblie da savalalo garemoeba. ucxoobas da uTvistomobas isini Segnebulad da Tavisi neba-surviliT irCeven. samSoblos datoveba, daTmoba esaa, xvdebian amas TviTon gmirebi Tu ara, pirveli msxverpli, romelsac isini ufals swiraven. pirveli nabijia, romelic myar, miwier safuZvels aSorebs da, ase vTqvaT, haerSi Camohkidebs maT. sxvaTa Soris, aseve iqceoda bevri qarTveli qristiani, romelic sulieri Ziebis erT-erT safexurs samSoblosa da Tvistomebis CamoSorebasa da ucxoobaSi xedavda, - grigol xanZTeli, ilarion qarTveli, ioane da giorgi mTawmidelebi da mravali sxva.
saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba axali samSoblos Zieba da mopoveba ar gaxlavT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ara miwieri samSoblosi. isini modian aq qristes saZebnelad, modian, imitom rom qristem aqeT gamoiwvia, aq dauniSna maT paemani.
«mamulsaRa rCulsa zeda viyveniT, sparsTa rCuli vicodeT, - uyvebian marzpans evstaTi da masTan erTad Sepyrobili qristiani sparselebi, - xolo raJams qarTlad SemovediT da qristeaneTa rCuli vixileT, qristeane viqmneniT da aw qristeane varT, rameTu qristeaneTa rCuli wmida da surnel ars da friad keTil da Suenier ars, xolo sxva rCuli ver esworebis rCulsa qristeaneTasa».13
«xolo amier Cuenda soflad gamoslvaჲ igi
samSoblodan wamosvla mxolod garkveuli miwa-wylis datovebas ar niSnavs, esaa mTeli SeCveuli samyaros, anu Zveli mwerlebis terminiT, soflis – sparsuli, arabuli soflis: mSoblebis, da-Zmebis, mama-papeuli sarwmunoebisa da wes-Cveulebebis mitoveba.
«wmidaman evstaTi Tqua, - gadmogvcems misi usaxelo Rvawlis-aRmwereli: - me viyav queyanisa sparseTisaჲ, ჴevisa arSakeTisaჲ, qalaqisa ganZakisaჲ. da mamaჲ Cemi mogჳ iyo da Zmani Cemni moguni iyvnes, da meca mamaჲ moguebasa maswavebda. xolo me mamuli rCuli ara miyuarda».15
gansakuTrebiT Rrmad Tavisi gmiris abos cxovrebiseul fesvebs iovane sabanisZe swvdeba:
«ese naSobi iyo abrameani, ZeTagan ismaelisTa, tomisagan sarkinozTaჲsa, da ara Tu ucxosaჲgan Teslisa, arca xarWisagan Sobili, aramed yovladve arabielTa Tesli, mamulad da dedulad, romlisaჲ mamaჲ misi da dedaჲ misi da Zmani da dani misni iyvnes munve qalaqsa mas Sina baRdads babilovnisasa...da iyo igi ჴelovan, keTilad-Semzavebel sulnelTa maT sacxebelTa, da swavlul iyo mwignobrebiTa sarkinozTaჲTa, ZeTa ismaelisTa, ZeTa abrahamisTa, naSobTa agarisTa».16
samSoblosTan, Tavis erTan gamoTxoveba, im Rrma fesvebis amogleja, romelic abosa da evstaTis warsulTan akavSirebda, aq, axal miwa-wyalzec grZeldeba, vinaidan evstaTis dros qarTlSi ara marto cxovrobdnen, aramed batonobdnen misi yofili Tanamemamuleebi da Tanamorwmuneni – sparseli cecxlTayvanismcemlebi, xolo arabieli abos dros igive mdgomareoba aq ukve arab muslimanebs ekava. da erTnic da meorenic bolo wuTamde epotinebodnen maT da erisa da samamulo rjulis wiaRidan gamosvlas ewinaaRmdegebodnen. abos saqarTvelos iqiT – xazareTSic ki mouwia gadaxvewa, raTa am fesvebis miziduloba daeZlia da ukan qarTlSi sulierad ganTavisuflebuli dabrunebuliyo.
yovelive es xazs usvavs Sesawiravis sidiades, romelic am gmirebma qristes samsxverploze moitanes. Seswires raime axal miwier xibls ki ara, arc Tundac yvelaze amaRlebul ciur moZRvrebas, aramed, sakuTari sityviT, piradad RmerTs, samebas, qristes da misdami siyvaruls.
magram bedi msxverplis gameorebas iTxovs. samive mowame qarTlSi meore samSoblos, ori maTgani – ojaxs, xolo abo megobrebs da Tanamoazreebs iZens. erTi am megobarTagani – iovane sabanisZe, mowmobs, rom megobroba zedapiruli da nelTbili grZnoba da damokidebuleba ar yofila.
«mnebavs qebad Senda, yovlad-qebulo qristჱs mowameo, - mimarTvs sabanisZe sikvdiliT dasjil megobars, - aramed ver vikadreb, rameTu ufroჲs gonebisa Cemisa aRmaRlda qebaჲ saTnoebaTa SenTaჲ. da kualad meSinis me dadumebad, rameTu sanatreliTa miT qristჱs-mieriTa siyuaruliTa Semiyuare me, vidre iyavRa sofelsa amas Sina Cuensa».17
sabanisZis cnobebi cxadyofen, rom abos megobarTa wre misi martvilobis momavali avtoriT sruliadac ar Semoifargleboda. Tu ki nerse erismTavarTan siaxlovisa da TviT Tavisi araCveulebrivi, qarTvelebis TvalSi, sensaciuri – muslimanTa qarTlSi batonobis dros muslimanobis uarmyofelis da qristes aRmsaareblis - pirovnebis wyalobiT man axlo gaicno afxazeTis mTavari iq yofnis dros, ueWvelia, imave mizeziT, qarTlSi pirvelad mosvlisa da gansakuTrebiT dabrunebis Semdeg, mas aqac bevri pativismcemeli unda gasCenoda, maT Soris, samoel kaTolikosic, romelmac pirvelma aRtacebiT moixsena axali mowame «meoxad qristჱs mimarT Cuenda da yovlisa amis soflisa Cuenisa»,18 anu qarTlis zeciur mfarvelad gamoacxada.
roca sabanisZe moZRvrad ixseniebs abos, moZRvrad, romelmac swavlulni ufro metad gulisxmier-hyo, Seryeulni ganamtkica, ganmtkicebulni ganamxiarula, warmarTebs qristes monobis wadiereba mihgvara, safiqrebelia, is ara marto martvilobis faqtis, aramed abos sicoxleSive misi pirovnebis, moRvaweobisa da qadagebis Tbiliselebze da, ufro farTod, qarTlelebze gavlenas gulisxmobs.
evstaTis martvilobac gvixatavs imis suraTs, Tu raoden safuZvlianad moewyo momavali mowame saqarTveloSi.
«da saxeli erqua mas gჳrobandak, da dRiTa yrma iyo igi viTar ocdaaT wlis. da movida igi qalaqad mcxeTad da iswavebda ჴelsa meჴamlobisasa. da xedvida igi rCulsa qristeaneTasa da msaxurebasa qristჱssa da wmidisa juarisa Zalisa Cinebasa. Seiyuara man rCuli qristeanobisaჲ da hrwmena qriste. da viTar iswava meჴamlobaჲ, iTxova man coli qristeanჱ da TჳT qristeane iqmna da naTeli moiRo. xolo naTlis-cemasa missa uwodes saxeli evstaTi. da cxondeboda wmidaჲ evstaTi qristeanobasa Sina da saTnoebasa qristჱssa».19
mainc arc abos, arc evstaTis axal samSobloSi iseTi mdgomareoba ar daukavebia, rogoric SuSaniks ekuTvnoda. moZme eris warmomadgeneli, ucxoel dampyroblebTan – sparselebTan saerTo brZolis gmiris asuli, aRzrdili qarTvelTa Soris, da qarTveli mTavris meuRle – dedofali, am mTavris oTxi Svilis deda, is agreTve Tavis qveSevrdomTa mfarvelad da meurved warmogvidgeba, saerTo siyvarulsa da madlierebas iwvevs.
«Wiri Seni, Wiri Cueni ars da sixaruli Seni sixaruli Cueni ars. Cueni ara xolo Tu dedofali oden iyav, aramed Cuen yovelTa viTarca SvilTa guxedevd»,20 - mTeli eris saxeliT mimarTavs SuSaniks iakob curtaveli.
da ara erTxel TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, rom es «Cueni» da «yovelTa» litoni sityva araa.
«maSin warmoiyvanes da mohyvanda wmidaჲ SuSanik uჴamuri da Tma-gardatevebuli, viTarca erTi vinme SeuracxTagani, da vervin ikadra Tavsa missa daburvad, rameTu pitiaxSi igi mჴedr Seudga ukuana kualsa missa da aginebda mas mravliTa ginebiTa. da mividoda wmidisa mis Tana amboxi mravali dedebisa da mamebisaჲ, simravlჱ uricxჳ, rameTu ukuana Seudges, ჴmaჲ aRemaRla da tirodes, da iჴaჴdes RawuTa maTTa da sawyalobelad dasTxevdes cremlTa maTTa wmidisa SuSanikisTჳs».21
«ubadruko, ara misi ganzrdili xara? da Tuca mogklas
maSinac ki roca axloblebi sTxoven SuSaniks WeSmariti RmerTis moRalate da uarismyofel qmarTan Serigebas, kompromiss, isinic raRac saZraxis mosazrebebs ki ar mimarTaven, aramed siyvaruliT gamsWvalul naTesaobas igoneben.
«xolo jojik evedreboda da etyoda: `daჲ Cveni xar Sen, nu warswymed saxlsa amas sadedoflosa». hrqua mas wmidaman SuSanik: «uwyi, viTarmed daჲ var da erTgan ganzrdilni».23
«nu warswymed saxlsa amas sadedoflosa». jojikis es sityvebi kidev erTi mxridan aSuqeben SuSanikis adgils mis axal samSobloSi. jojikis mimarTvaSi SuSaniki warmogvidgeba, rogorc maTi saerTo saxlis deda-burji, varsqenisa da misi ojaxis samflobelos qvakuTxedi, romlis moSlac mTeli saxlis warwymedas moaswavebs. rac, sxvaTa Soris, kidevac moxda SuSanikis wamebiT aRsrulebidan ramdenime wlis Semdeg, roca, qarTlis mefem vaxtang gorgasalma daamarcxa, Seipyro da sikvdiliT dasaja varsqen pitiaxSi24.
magram arc axal garemos, axal damokidebulebebs, iseve, rogorc Zvel, adre mitovebuls, SeuZliaT maTi Seferxeba qristesaken mimaval gzaze.
«merme miavlina
«da viTar waremarTebodes evstaTi da stefane tfiliss, hrqua evstaTi sidedrsa Tჳssa, da colsa da SvilTa TჳsTa da mona-mჴevalTa TჳsTa: «jmnulca var me Tquengan, rameTu me aqa arRara moqcevad var da qriste me ara uvar-vyo da maT me arRara ganmiteon cocxlebiT, xolo sikudili Cemi tfiliss yofad ars sapyrobilesa da Tavi mokueTad ars Cemda».26
yvelaze intimur, yvelaze Zlier grZnobebs am gmirebis qristesadmi erTgulebis Seryeva ver ZaluZT.
«da uTxres netarsa SuSaniks, viTarmed «Svilni igi Senni miaqcina
«Sen ici, ufalo Cemo iesu qriste, - dasjis win mimarTvs qristes evstaTi mcxeTeli, - rameTu aravin virCie Sensa: arca mamaჲ, arca dedaჲ, arca Zmani, arca naTesavni, garna Sen mxoloჲ ufali Segiyuare».28
qarTvelebisaTvis am mowameebis saqarTveloSi gamoCena da aq wameba erTdroulad sarwmunoebrivi da erovnuli saqme iyo, vinaidan maTTvis maSin da sabednierod SemdgomSic sarwmunoeba da erovneba erTmaneTs udrida. SemTxveviTi araa, rom abos sarwmunoebrivi arCevani da qristesaTvis Tavganwirva safuZvlad daedo pirvel da saukeTeso qarTul patriotul nawarmoebs.
TviTon gmirebi ki saqarTveloSi, qristes garda, sxva arafers eZebdnen. Tumca maTi uTvistomoba, xolo rac Seexeba SuSaniks – obloba, SesaZloa, mainc damatebiT amZafrebda siyvaruls qristesadmi, maT ltolvas zecieri mamis safarvelSi.
sakvirvelia, magram maT wamebaTa qarTveli avtorebic faqtiurad iziareben am suliskveTebas. isinic sxva arafers daeZeben am dalocvil saqarTveloSi, mxolod qristes da misdami erTgulebas. Tavad saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirveli aSkara patriotuli manifestis avtors ioane sabanisZes, Tu ki davakvirdebiT, sxva araferi exarbeba, sxva araferi eamayeba, sxva araferi enaneba dasakargavad, dabolos sxva araferi axsovs Tavis samSobloSi, garda qristesi, qristes sarwmunoebisa da qristesTan mis TanamemamuleTa kavSirisa, «romelni xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinarჱsRa Sjul-debul yofil
ra Tqma unda, es am qarTveli sasuliero mwerlebis piradi ganwyobilebaa, magram dasaSvebia varaudi, rom qristes aseTi Tavdaviwyebuli, yovelgvari miwieri sikeTisadmi brma, siyvaruli maT Tavisi gmirebisaganac iswavles.
evstaTi mcxeTelis piridan pirvelad qarTul enaze ismis mSobliuri miwa-wylisadmi siyvarulis aRsareba, Txovna uflisadmi, rom misi neSti, TbilisSi sikvdiliT daSjis Semdeg, mcxeTaSi «moiqces» da iq iyos dakrZaluli. magram es swrafvac, rogorc irkveva, imiT aixsneba, rom mcxeTa evstaTisaTvis qristesTan yvelaze amaRelvebel SexvedrebTan aris dakavSirebuli. evstaTi samjer sxva da sxva viTarebaSi imeorebs am Txovnas da samive Txovna adasturebs, rom mcxeTisadmi misi siyvaruli da iq saboloo gansvenebis survili gamowveulia mxolod imiT, rom esaa wmida qalaqi, sadac man naTel-iRo, Rirs iqmna qristianuli rjulis ziarebas da qristes pirispir xilvas.
«ufalo, RmerTo iesu qriste, ukueTu Rirs myo me sikudilsa saxelisa SenisaTჳs qristeanobiT, ჴorcTa CemTa nu jer giCns gangdeba gare da SeWmaჲ ZaRlTaჲ da mfrinvelTa cisaTaჲ, aramed ჴorcTa CemTaჲ brZane aqave moqcevaჲ da damarxvaჲ mcxeTas, sadaca naTel-miRebies».30
«xolo amas gevedrebi, ufalo Cueno, iesu qriste, raჲTa guami Cemi daemarxos mcxeTas, sadaca igi naTeli moviRe samoel kaTalikozisa ჴeliTa da Rirs viqmen rCulsa qristeaneTasa».31
«da amas vilocav da gevedrebi da viTxov Sen saxierisagan, raჲTa ara daeteos guami Cemi aqa tfiliss Sina, aramed raჲTa daemarxos igi mcxeTas wmidasa, sada igi Sen gamomiCndi».32
Tu ki amasTan evstaTis romelime miwieri arseba axsendeba, es isev qristes msaxuri da saidumlos saSualebiT qristesTan misi damakavSirebeli samoel kaTolikosi gaxlavT.
es Zveli mowameebi araviTar nugeSs, araviTar silamazes da sitkboebas ar daeZeben am qveyanaze, am wuTisofelSi.
grigol xanZTeli, mowame abos Tanamedrove da imave col-qmris – nerse erismTavrisa da misi meuRlis sulieri aRsazrdeli, Tavdadebuli moRvawe-asketi, mainc grZnobs da aRniSnavs bunebis siames, aRfrTovanebiT da aRtacebiT xotbas asxavs samxreTi saqarTvelos bunebas.
«RvTis-msaxuro mefeo, - uyveba grigol xanZTeli afxazeTis mefe dimitris, - daRacaTu friad ganvamravlo sityuaჲ, verve miswuTebis gonebaჲ Cemi yovelsa mas udabnoTa maT sikeTesa uwyebad Senda...bunebiT erTguam ars queyanaჲ udabnoTaჲ maT da keTilad Sezavebul mzisagan da haerisa; rameTu arca friadi sicxჱ Seswuavs maT da arca gardareuli sicivჱ Seaurvebs myofTa misTa...xolo wyali keTili da SeSaჲ nebisaebr unaklulod aqus aRmocenebuli qჳSaTa maT Sina, uricxჳ maRnari da simravlჱ wyalTa hamoTaჲ, bunebiT mxiarulebaჲ micemul ars RmrTisagan».33
iakob curtaveli ki saSineli ferebiT xatavs im mxares, sadac sapyrobileSi dedofali SuSaniki itanjeboda.
«Jamsa zafxulisasa cecxlebr Semwueli igi mჴurvalebaჲ mzisaჲ, qarni xorSakni da wyalni mavnebelni, romlisa mkჳdrnica mis adgilisani savseni seniTa, wyliTa gansivebulni, dawertilni da damWnarni da damRierebulni, Caradovanni, pir-msivanni da dRe-mokled cxorebulni; da moxucebuli ara vin ars maT queyanaTa. da eseTsa mas cixesa Sina equs wel pyrobil iyo da mZimeTa maT sakrvelTa Sina adidebda RmerTsa».34
grigol xanZTeli yuradRebiT irCevs bunebriv garemos samonazvno sagrobisaTvis. imave mefis TxovniT da masTan erTad, `movlnes qveyanani, sagonebelni samonastred, da ara sTndes wmidasa mas. da hrqua mefesa mas: «ara ars miwaჲ, arca wyali queyanasa amas, sadamca monasteri aReSჱna, rameTu talanti monazonisaჲ marxvaჲ ars. da amas miwasa zeda ver egebis marxvaჲ sulisagan xorSakisa makudinebelisa».35
magram rac ver egebis meudabnoe beris moRvaweobisaTvis, swored igive sazareli pirobebi mowame SuSanikis Rvawlis saukeTeso asparezad moCans.
«rameTu equsi weli cixesa mas Sina aRasrula da wesierebiTa saRmrToჲTa yuaoda: marxviTa, maradis mRჳZarebiTa, zedgomiTa, Tayuanis-cemiTa uwyinod da kiTxviTa wignTaჲTa mouwyinebelad. ganabrwyina da ganaSuena yoveli igi cixჱ sulieriTa miT qnariTa».36
grigol xanZTeli, aToneli mamebi Tavisi TanamosagreebiTurT qristesTan cis sasufevelSi SeerTebas ara Cqaroben, isini aq qmnian zeciuri samoTxis miwier analogs, droebiTs samoTxes, mondomebiT da gulmodgined awyoben da amSveneben amqveyniur sasufevels.
«xolo gabriel, didebulman aznaurman, friadiTa keTiliTa warmogzavna mamaჲ grigol da moscna kiriT-xuroni da nivTi yoveli qviTkirisa eklesiisa saSჱnebelad...xolo netarman grigol adgili igi saeklesioჲ daavaka...da juari daswera adgilsa wmidisa eklesiisasa da iwyes Sჱnebad. da esrჱT keTilad gansrulda Zueli igi eklesiaჲ xanZTisaჲ...mas Jamsa yovelTa maT wmidaTa udabnoTa Sina iwyes wmidaTa mamaTa monastrebisa Sჱnebad da wmidaTa eklesiaTa».37
«daRaTu uZnda saqme ese iovanes, garna qarTvelTa gansuenebisaTჳs, da ufroჲs xolo Tornikis aSenebisaTჳs, Tavs-idva
am mowameebs ki, Seqmnili viTarebisa da Tavisi nebiT arCeuli bedis gamo, qristes msgavsad, ara aqvT, sada Tavi miidrikon. Tavis misadrekad maT mxolod dasjis iaraRi da adgiliRa darCeniaT, rogorc qristes - jvari da golgoTa.
«da mouჴda mas erTi mwignobari, da hrqua: moZRuar! migdevde Sen, vidreca hxჳdodi. hrqua mas iesu: melTa ჴureli uCns da mfrinvelTa cisaTa sayofeli; xolo Zesa kacisasa ara aqus, sada Tavi miidrikos»39. - «da odes miiRo Zmari igi iesu, Tqua: eseca werili aRsrulebul ars! da miidrika Tavi da ganuteva suli»40.
«da hmadlobda RmerTsa
«da gamxiarulda netari evstaTi da hmdlobda RmerTsa...da viTarca daasrula locvaჲ da vedrebaჲ da Txovaჲ uflisa mimarT, hrqua msaxurTa maT marzapnisaTa: «aw aRasruleT ganCinebuli igi brZanebaჲ Cem zeda»...maSin miyvnes ჴelni maTni mis zeda da sces maxჳliTa patiosansa qedsa missa da warhkueTes Tavi misi da Sehvedra suli Tჳsi qristesa meufesa».42
«xolo netarman man
im siyvarulisaTvis, romelic swvavs am sam adamians, yvelaze Sesabamisi, misadagebuli, tolfasi moqmedeba aris sikvdili, sicocxlis gawirva, sisxlis daTxeva misTvis, vinc TviTonac sisxli dasTxia am gmirebis da maT msgavs arsebaTa siyvaruliT.
«Ruawlsa didsa Seslvad xar, dedofalo», - afrTxilebs iakobi Tavis sulier Svils.
«xuces, da meca didsa Ruawlsa ganmzadebul var», - mtkiced igeriebs am gafrTxilebas SuSaniki.
«mware gonebaჲ aqus mas [varsqens], guemasa da tanjvas Segagdos Sen», - iakobi TiTqos ganagrZobs gamocdas da bundovani «didi Ruawlis» konkretul da saSinel Sinaarss xsnis, magram iseTive Seudrekelobas xvdeba.
«umjobჱs ars Cemda ჴelTa misTagan sikudili, vidre...warwymedaჲ sulisa Cemisaჲ».44
SuSanikis sulieri Zala da Tavdadeba ara marto Seesatyviseba gansacdels, aramed bevrad aRemateba mas. sadac wminda dedofals jer mxolod gvemiTa da tanjviT aSineben, iq is ukve sikvdilisaTvis aris mzad.
«ufalo RmerTo, Sen uwyi, viTarmed me guliTad sikudild mival»,45 - isev da isev adasturebs SuSaniki Tavis heroikul ganwyobilebas.
«raჲ madl ars yofaჲ Cemi aqa, sada ara ars SiSi, arca sikudili qristჱsTჳs?»46 - ganacxadebs wminda mowame abo, roca afxazeTis mTavari mouwodebs mas Tavi aaridos TbilisSi dabrunebas, raTa iq gabatonebulma arabebma qristesagan gandgoma ar aiZulon. da piriqiT, darCes afxazeTSi, igulisxmeba, asketikuri Rvawlis gasagrZeleblad. magram qristesaTvis sikvdilTan SedarebiT abos es asketikuri Rvawlic, romelic im droisaTvis mTel qristianul samyaroSi udidesi mowonebiT da pativiT sargeblobda, naklebad mimzidvel da umadlo saqmedac ki eCveneba.
sul sxvanairad, rogorc srulfasovani sazRauri qristes mier gaRebuli msxverplisa, mas qristesaTvis Tavis gawirva da sisxlis daTxeva esaxeba.
«da kualad dResa amas paraskevsa vnebiTa TჳsiTa ufalman Cemman iesu qristeman juarsa mas zeda ganpyrobiTa ჴelTa TჳsTaჲTa ganaqiqa da TiTisa saCvenebel-yo yovelTa kideTa queyanisaTa mteri igi yovlisa soflisaჲ. aw meca Tana mac, raჲTa ganuჴde brZolad mtersa mas qristeaneTasa da qristჱsTჳs daTxeviTa sisxlTa CemTaჲTa sacinel da sakicxel vyo igi yovelTa qristeaneTa».47
xolo evstaTi mcxeTeli qristesadmi siyvarulsa da misTvis sicocxlis gawirvas sulac tolobis niSniT aerTianebs.
«garna Sen mxoloჲ ufali Segiyuare, - mimarTavs is qristes, - da saxelisa SenisaTჳs esera Tavi warmekueTebis dRes».48
sikvdilis piras qristesTan am sami mowamis gansakuTrebuli daaxloveba xdeba.
«da Txovasa erTsa iTxovdes misgan yovelni igi episkoposni da aznaurni erTbamad, raჲTa borkili igi ferჴTaჲ brZanos sacod da nakurTxevad yovelTaTჳs. romlisTჳsca hrqua wmidaman SuSanik, viTarmed: «me raჲ var, ara Rirsi ese? xolo RmrTis-moyuarebisa TquenisaTჳs xucesman aRavsen wadili Tqueni magis saxisaTჳs...xolo me, sayuarelno, aha esera, winaganmzadebulsa mas gzasa warval saukunesa. Wirisa amis wil Cemisa qristeman mommadlos me sixaruli, satanjvelTa amaT wil gansuenebaჲ, guemaTa amaT CemTa da TrevaTa da SeuracxebaTa – mivemTxჳo me didebasa da pativsa caTa Sina dausrulebelsa».49
«maSin moidrikna muჴlni Tჳsni
«da viTarca moiRo man [abom] WeSmariti igi da ganmacxovelebeli saidumloჲ, Tqua: «gmadlob Sen, ufalo Cemo da RmerTo, iesu qriste, romelman momec me sagzlad Cemda cxorebis momaniWebeli ჴorci Seni da sixarulad da ganmamtkiceblad Cemda patiosani sisxli Seni! aw uwyi, rameTu ara damitevo me, aramed Cem Tana dadgromil xar da me Sen Tana».51
ufali ara marto ganamtkicebs maT Rvawlis gzaze, ara marto gverdSi udgeba maT, aramed TavisTan aigivebs, erwymis maT, ise rom maTi piradi golgoTa qristes jvarcmis Tavisebur ganmeorebad iqceva, xolo maTi sikvdilisSemdgomi gandideba, aRdgomili macxovris SaravandediT aris mosili.
SuSanikis, evstaTisa da abos mier naanderZevi da maTi gmirobis damwerTa mier aRbeWdili qristesadmi Tavdadebuli siyvaruli saqarTvelos mTeli istoriis manZilze axal da axal gulebs anTebda. asi aTasi Tbiliseli mowamis erToblivi Tavganwirva da didmowame dedoflis qeTevanis mier gaugonar tanjvaTa moTmineba misi udidesi gamovlinebani iyo. am siyvaruls sasicocxlo erovnuli mniSvneloba hqonda da aqvs, imitom rom mis gareSe qarTveli eris mravalsaukunovani mowameobrivi Rvawli SeuZlebeli iqneboda. am martvilebis magaliTi da mowmoba ufro zogad Cagonebasac Seicavs, rom qristes sarwmunoeba ara marto WeSmariti moZRvreba, maRali zneoba da mdidari kultura aris, aramed upirveles yovlisa qristes, RmerTis siyvaruli, siyvaruli, romelic yovelive sxva grZnobas aRemateba.
dekanozi ioseb zeTeiSvili