“xolo aqvnda amas yovlad brZensa mefesa saqmed eseca, romelTa umetes yovelTa saSiSad sazarel iyo yovelTa, rameTu RmrTisa mier iyo mis zeda niWi ese da saqme yovlad sakvirveli. ara-ra Sorieli arca samefoTa Sina misTa, arca laSqarTa Sina misTa myofTa kacTa, didTa da mcireTa, saqme qmnili keTili gina sityva boroti Tqmuli, - ara-ra daefarvoda yovladve, aramed raodenca vis farulad eqmnis anu eTqvis, yovelive cxad iyo winaSe missa, vidremdis gulis-sityuanica da mogonebani vieTnime miuTxrnis maT, romelTa zarganxdil yvnis... orgulebasa, da zakvasa, da Ralatsa rasame vervin didTa anu mcireTagani ikadrebda mogonebadca, ara Tu Tqmad visda”¹.

am cnobis Tanamedrove intepretatorebs da daviTis mefobis mkvlevarebs moiaCniaT - Tumca cnoba amis araviTar safuZvels ar Seicavs, - rom mefis aq aRwerili zebunebrivi yovlismcodneoba sinamdvileSi jaSuS-Spionebis (“mstovrebis”) mravalricxovani korpusis arsebobiT aixsneba, romlebic mefes atyobinebdnen yvelafers, rac ki mis samefoSi xdeboda. es korpusi (interpretatorTa terminologiiT, “mstovarTa instituti”) “daviTma feodaluri opozociis damTrgunav Zlier iaraRad aqcia”.² “samefoSi mkacri reJimi damyarda”.³

marTlac, daviTis istorikosis cnobiT, “mravalni ganpatiJebulca iyvnes da mxilebul eseviTarTaTvis. amisTvisca ver odes vin ganizraxa Ralati raiTurTiT dReTa misTa, aramed iyo yovelTagan sakrZalav da sarido”.⁴ magram amave mwerlis sxva cnobebi mowmoben, rom opoziciasTan am TiTqosda sastiki brZolis miuxedavad, is mainc daviTis dros daTrgunuli ar yofila.

es opozicia, daviT mefis politikis “mabralobelni” (misi istorikosis gamoTqmiT) ara marto misi moRvaweobis pirvel periodSi gamoTqvamdnen Tavis kritikul Tvalsazriss, aramed es kritika, rogorc Cans, mTel mis cxovrebas Tan sdevda da masze meti icocxla. “xolo arian, - wers daviTis istorikosi, - vinme mabralobelni mefisani jereTca”,⁵ - e.i. mas Semdeg, rac didma mefem Tavisi miwieri sarbieli daasrula da misi moRvaweobis brwyinvale, fantastikuri jami yvelas Tvalwin Zevda. da imisda mixedviT, Tu ra vrceli apologia, dacviTi sityva aqvs miyolebuli didi mefis cxovrebisa da SesaqmeTa arc Tu ise gaSlil da sityvamraval aRweras, mis kritikasac sistematuri, damuSavebuli da gavrcelebuli xasiaTi unda hqonoda. im braldebidan (“bralobidan”), romelsac mefes uyenebden, istorikoss ori Tema, ori muxli aqvs moyvanili: braldeba erisa da qveynis Zalebis nametani daZabvis gamo im dauRalav da ganuwyvetel ocdaTeqvsmetwlian brZolaSi (“eseoden mWirsed moqalaqobisa da molaSqreobisaTvis da mxedrobaTa misTa ganusvenebelisa mimoslvisaTvis da daWirebisa”)⁶, romelsac daviTi qarTuli miwebis TurqmanTa TareSisagan ganTavisuflebisa da saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos SeqmnisaTvis awarmoebda, da qveSevrdomTa Tavisi nebiT dawinaurebisa Tu daqveiTebis gamo (“Seiyvarnis vinme da ganadidnis vinmeo, da kvalad moiZulnis vinme da daamcirniso”).⁷ gamoricxuli araa, rom es sarCeli sxva muxlebsac Seicavda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, es ara gavs daTrgunuli da totaluri zvervis atmosferoTi daSinebuli da daZabunebuli viwro jgufis ususur Civils. xom ar niSnavs es, rom “ganpatiJebac” opozicionerebs da mabraloblebs ki ar emuqreboda, aramed maT, vinc SeTqmulebiT da samxedro ZaliT apirebda mefesTan SebrZolebas?

miT umetes, rom kritikis da bralobis moTaveoba da umaRlesi sanqcia Tavad mefisgan modioda, romelmac “galobani sinanulisani”-Si Tavisi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis yovlismomcveli da mwvave kritikuli analizis nimuSi misca Tanamedroveebsa da momaval Taobebs.

am sabraldebo daskvnaSi yvelaze sakvirveli isaa, rom masSi daviTis mefobis udidesi da waruSleli miRwevac ki – calkeuli miwebisagan erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmna da misi gafarToeba, rac yvela qristiani Tu araqristiani saxelmwifo moRvawisaTvis mudam, yovel SemTxvevaSi, bolo dromde, sanaqebo saqmed iTvleboda, - moralurad saeWvo da sananebel qmedebad aris warmodgenili.

“solomonisaisa wurblisa msgavsad vermaZRari sxvaTa soflis-kideTa veZiebd dasapyrobelad da RmrTisa sazRvarTa vabralobd, viTarca mcireTa da undoTa, Cemisamde uZRebebisa da gulis-Tqmisa.

borotad gardavxed sazRvarTa da SevrTe saxli saxlsa da agaraki agaraksa da uuZluresTa mivhxveWe nawili maTi da viRvwid umezoblobasa, viTarca martoi vmkvidrobd qveyanasa zeda”,⁸ - wers wminda mefe, romelmac aTasi wliT gauswro Tavis dros.

sxvaTa Soris, amiT daviTma zneobrivi gamarTleba gamoacala imperiis ideas. imdenad, rom misi SvilTaSvilis Tamaris istorikosi ukve SiSobs, raTa didi papis mier formulirebuli braldebis Crdilic ki ar miadges saTayvano xelmwifis xatebas: “ara iRvwida umezoblobasa, arca SerTvida saxlsa saxlsa zeda, arca agaraksa agaraksa zeda ucxosa, aramed Tvisi mamuli Zveli kma iyo, raTa ara usamarTlod hgonon da mimxveWelad, vinaTgan samarTalmanca zenaman ubWo marTalsa...Sors ganiota wurblis msgavsi ver-maZRrisoba”.⁹

amis Semdeg, naklebad gasaocrad gamoiyureba is, rom mefis erT-erT, Tumca Tavisebur, oponentad da kritikosad Tavad daviTis iseTi didi da gulwrfeli mexotbe gvevlineba, rogoric misi biografi iyo.

upirveles yovlisa, daviTis qeba am gamoCenili mwerlis da moazrovne adamianis mxridan - misi WeSmariti da wrfeli aRfrTovanebis gamoxatuleba Tavisi didebuli personaJis mimarT - ara marto yovelgvar pirmoTneobasa da pirferobasaa moklebuli, aramed sakmao TavSekavebiT da emociuri siZunwiT da sityvaZvirobiT gamoirCeva. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, raoden grandiozul pirovnebasTan hqonda mas saqme, misi stilis sisadave da simSvide metad sayuradRebod unda miviCnioT. Tuki kariskaci da mefis axlobeli sakariskaco laqucs miuCvevel da masSi gauwafvel adamianad gamoiyureba, es bevrs metyvelebs am mefis da mis karze arsebul zneobaze.

cxorebis avtori sulac araa dabrmavebuli Tavisi gmiris brwyinvalebiT. mas ZaluZs axlo da Sor garemoSi dainaxos sxva gvamebi, romlebic ara marto axlos dganan daviT mefesTan Tavisi RirsebiT, aramed – horribile dictu! – kidevac aRematebian mas. aseTad warmogvidgeba avtoris aRweriT sxva ki ara, aramed im TurqmanTa umaRlesi mmarTveli maliq-Sa, romlebsac aTwleulebis manZilze aklebuli hqondaT saqarTvelo, rac ase mwared daitira amave istorikosma. da mainc sul ramdenime abzacis iqiT vkiTxulobT aseT striqonebs:

“rameTu iyo kaci igi maliq-Sa viTarca sididiTa kideTa mpyrobelobisaTa Seusworebel, egreTve saxiTa sitkboebisaTa da saxierebiTa aRmatebul yovelTa kacTasa, romlisani mraval arian da sxvanica uricxvni sacnaurebani, marTlmsajulobani, mowyalebani, qristianeTa siyvarulni, da, raTa ara ganvagrZoT sityva, yovlad uboroto rame goneba yovliT-kerZo aqvnda”.¹⁰

aseTi sityvebi, aseTi absoluturi daxasiaTeba istorikoss Tavisi mTavari gmirisTvis ar gaumetebia. daviT mefe yvela araCveulebrivi unaris miuxedavad, mainc adamianad rCeba, maliq-Sa ki erTgvar RvTaebad warmogvidgeba.

aseve mokle, magram umaRlesi xarisxis daxasiaTeba daviTis istorikosis mier kaxeTis mefe kvirikes eZleva: “kaxeTSi mefobda kvirike, kaci mefobisave Tana mefe-qmnili vnebaTa zeda da WeSmariti qristiane”.¹¹

am qeba-didebis fonze kidev ufro mkacrad ismis mefe daviTis mier sakuTari Tavis mxileba: “bunebiTsa rai porfirsa TviTmflobelobasa Tana mefobisaica Saravandedni marwmunen, xolo me vnebaTa bilwTa monebad mivhyide Tavi”.¹²

ese igi, kvirikesgan gansxvavebiT, is ki ar mefobda Tavis vnebebze, aramed monobda maT. eWvis gareSea, rom daviTis biografisTvis kargad iyo cnobili zemomoyvanili striqonebi, magram man arc sakuTar, arc mkiTxvelTa TavSi am ori daxasiaTebis SesaZlo Sepirispirebas ar moerida.

ufro metic. kvirikes qebas iqve mohyveba ambavi daviTis mier am “WeSmariti qristianis” erT-erTi adgil-mamulis mitacebisa. “mosca Jami RmerTman mefesa daviTs da waruRo kvirikes cixe zedazadeni”.¹³ anu daviTisave TqmiT: “borotad gardavxed sazRvarTa da SevrTe saxli saxlsa da agaraki agaraksa da uuZluresTa mivhxveWe nawili maTi”.

etyoba, daviTis istorikosi nawilobriv mainc iziarebda wminda mefis mier mezobeli miwebis SemoerTebis moralur Sefasebas da mis TviTkritikas mxars uWerda. marTalia, istorikosis Sexeduleba am muxlSi naklebad mkacri da calmxrivia, vidre daviT mefisa, da umaRles, RvTaebriv sanqciasac ki imowmebs, magram arc Zlieri da erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnis sanaqebo saqmisa da misi ganxorcielebis moralurad saeWvo gzebis Soris arsebul kolizias malavs.

xolo zogierT sxva sakiTxSi daviTis biografi ufro mkveTrad emijneba Tavis gmirs da misTvis xelmisawvdomi xerxebiT mefesTan uTanxmoebas amJRavnebs.

es gansakuTrebiT sasuliero sferoSi iCens Tavs da safuZvlad amas, savaraudoa, mefisa da misi mematianis gansxvavebuli sarwmunoebrivi midrekilebani uZevs. rogorc cnobilia, daviT mefes garkveuli urTierTobani hqonda dasavleTis qristianebTan, romlebic swored mis epoqaSi axorcielebdnen jvarosnul moZraobas. am urTierTobaTa sruli suraTis aRdgena SemorCenili cnobebis ukmarisobis gamo SeuZlebelia. magram cnobilia, rom dasavlur-qristianulma mxedrebma aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes daviTis mefobis da saqarTvelos mTeli istoriuli Tavgadasavalis erT-erT udides ambavSi – didgoris brZolaSi. warmoudgenelia, rom es raRac izolirebuli da SemTxveviTi faqti yofiliyo da ara sakmaod intensiur qarTul-dasavlur urTierTobaTa erTi gamovlineba.¹⁴ magram daviTis istorikosi arafers gvatyobinebs arc jvarosnebis monawileobaze didgoris brZolaSi, arc maTTan daviT mefis da zogadad qarTvelebis sxva raime kontaqtebze. is mxolod gakvriT aRniSnavs jvarosnebis gamoCenas wina aziaSi, Tanac ise gvawvdis am cnobas, rom arc uaryofs, arc adasturebs maTi gamoCenis kavSirs saqarTvelos bed-iRbalTan.

“amas Jamsa gamovides frangni, aRiRes ierusalemi da antioqia. da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa moeSena qveyana qarTlisa, ganZlierda daviT da ganamravlna spani. da arRara misca sultansa xaraja. da Turqni verRara daizamTrebdes qarTls”.¹⁵

etyoba, mas gulze ar exateboda arc jvarosnebi, arc qarTvelebis maTTan daaxloveba. gamoCenil qarTvel moRvaweTa Soris, saxelovan Tu usaxeloTa, romelTa ricxvs uciloblad daviTis istorikosic ekuTvnis, saukuneTa manZilze ori mimdinareoba gamoiyofa. erTi, sarwmunoebriv simtkicesTan erTad TvalTaxedvis sifarTovesac warmogvidgens, maT Soris, dasavluri qristianobis mimarTac, xolo meore ufro meti simkacriT da SezRudulobiT xasiaTdeba. pirvel mimdinareobas daviTis xanamde ilarion qarTveli da aToneli mamebi ioane, efTvime da giorgi ekuTvnodnen, daviTis momdevno periodSi – JamTaaRmwereli, sulxan-saba orbeliani da ilia WavWavaZe, xolo daviTis dros, SesaZloa, arsen iyalToeli, romelic wminda ninos cxorebaSi dasavlur da, kerZod, romaul motivebs xazgasmiT gamohyofda, da, upirveles yovlisa, TviTon daviT aRmaSenebeli, romelic did qarTvelTa Soris erTi-erTi yvelaze farTod mxedveli da farTod moazrovne pirovneba iyo.

misi istorikosi ki, rogorc Cans, meore mimdinareobas ekuTvnoda.

aseve dumiliT gverds uvlis is daviTis Semwynareblobas da pativiscemas mahmadianTa, maTi rjulisa da maTi samlocveloebis mimarT, ris gamoc erT-erTi mahmadiani mematiane aRniSnavda, rom daviTi ufro met pativiscemasa da yuradRebas iCenda Tavis mahmadian qveSevrdomTa mimarT, vidre misi drois mahmadiani xelmwifeebi.¹⁶ Cans, daviTis arc aseTi saqcieli imsaxerebda misi istorikosis mowonebas da is Tavis ukmayofilebas am SemTxvevaSic dumiliT gamoxatavda. ufro daufaravad sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebSi istorikosis mefesTan uTanxmoeba sxva epizodSia gamoxatuli, romelic qarTul-somxuri saeklesio urTierTobas aRwers. aq, jvarosnebisa da mahmadianebisagan gansxvavebiT, istorikosi ubralo miCumaTebiT ar kmayofildeba, aramed namdvil ieriSze gadadis. metad mtruli kiloTi aRwers igi mefe daviTis dros Semdgar qarTul-somxuri saeklesio krebis ambavs da aseTi amrezili sityvebiT axasiaTebs am krebis somex monawileebs: “xolo Semokrba odesme winaSe mefisa naTesavi gularZnili, yovlad borotTa somexTa episkoposebi da monasterTa maTTa winamZRvrebi mravali friad, romelni azmnobdes TavTa TvisTa miwevnad yovlisa swavlulebisa da mecnierebisasa”.¹⁷ da es miuxedavad imisa, rom “naTesavi gularZnili” faqtiurad mefis stumrebi da imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebis arc Tu ise umniSvnelo wevrebi iyvnen. amiT daviTis istorikosi Tamaris droindel kaTolikos ioane “angelozTa swors” mogvagonebs, romelic sajarod gmobda saxelovan saxelmwifo moRvawes zaqaria mxargrZels, viTarca “Svidgzis wyeul somexs”¹⁸. am krebisadmi uaryofiT damokidebulebas istorikosi Riad gamoTqvams, Tumca masSi TviTon mefem miiRo monawileoba, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom daviTi sakmaod did mniSvnelobas aniWebda am Sexvedras. arcaa gasakviri, radgan am ori, odesRac Zmuri kavSiriT Sekruli eklesiis kvlav SeerTeba, daviTisTvis metad sasurveli saqme unda yofiliyo, ara marto rogorc qristianisTvis, romelic kaTolike eklesiis savsebaze unda zrunavdes, aramed agreTve rogorc xelmwifisaTvis, romelic Tavis qveSevrdomTa konsolidaciisaken unda iswrafodes. rogorc Cans, am SemTxvevaSi didi istorikosi ver amaRlda Tavis saTayvano gmiramde, sakuTari magaliTiTac gaamarTla Tavisive gamoTqma, rom “ara kma iyvnes samefosa misisani Tanamiyolad krTomaTa da wadierebaTa sulisa misisaTa”¹⁹ (anu daviTisa), TviTonac gamoiCina konfesiuri siviwrove da mouqneloba, raSic, sxvaTa Soris, brals sdebs xsenebuli krebis monawileebs orive – somexTa da qarTvelTa mxridan.

“yves ukve sityvis-geba urTierTas ciskriTgan vidre cxra Jamamde, da veras uZles daboloebad, - ironiulad SeniSnavs mwerali. da Semdeg gamWriaxad miuTiTebs konfesiur sityvisgebaTa unayofobis mTavar mizezs, - rameTu iyo orkerZove Zlevis moyvareba oden da cud (amao, cariel) sityvaTa paeqroba. rameTu Sevidian SeuvalTa saqmeTa da Zniad gamosavalTa”.²⁰ samwuxarod, man TviTonac ver airida Tavidan mis mierve gakicxuli Zlevis moyvareba. is aRfrTovanebiT aRniSnavs, rom mefem, roca “Seewyina” unayofo sityvis-geba, TviTon “iwyo maTda mimarT sityvaTa Tqmad, romelTa RmerTi moscemda ueWvelad pirsa missa. eseodenTa igavTa da saxeTa winadaudebda, axsnaTa sakvirvelTa mier winadaudgromelTa da ucilobelTa”²¹. magram am STagonebuli sityvis Sinaarss ki ar gadmogvcems, aramed kmayofilebiT imas aRniSnavs, rom daviTma “dauyo piri”, daaduma somxuri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. Tumca savaraudoa, rom mefes somexTa piris dasayofad ki ar mouwvevia es kreba, aramed sxva, ufro dadebiTi SedegisTvis. amis sasargeblod metyvelebs daviTisa da momdevno drois somex mweralTa mowmobani somexTa mimarT mefis keTili da Semwynarebluri ganwyobis Sesaxeb.²² da xsenebuli krebis amdagvarad daboloeba faqtiurad mefis marcxs warmoadgenda, SesaZloa erTad-erT mniSvnelovan, Tumca mosalodnel, marcxs mis warmatebul da Zlevamosil ocdaTeqvsmetwlian moRvaweobaSi.

magram CvenTvis amJamad didi mefisa da misi didebuli mematianis uTanxmoebaSi isaa gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo, rom es ukanaskneli, kritikuli ganwyobis miuxedavad, ara marto “daTrgunuli” ar yofila, aramed mefis wreSi Sedioda da mefis politikasTan Tavis Tanxmoba-uTanxmoebas sakmaod aSkarad amJRavnebda.

dekanozi ioseb zeTeiSvili

2006.12.08